1 Corinthians chapters 13 and 14: love, languages (not gibberish) and inexact quotes

Εα ταις γλωσσαις των ανθρωπων λαλω και των αγγελων αγαπην δε μη εχω γεγονα καλκος ηχων η κυμβαλον αλαλαζον

* If I speak in the languages of men and of angels, but have not love, I am a brass sounding or a clanging cymbal.

Και εχω προφητειαν και ειδω τα μυστηρια παντα και πασαν την γνωσιν και εχω πασαν την πιστιν ωστε ορη μεθσιταναι αγαπην δε μη εχω ουθεν ειμι

* And if I have prophecy, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to remove mountains, but I do not have love, I am nothing.

Καν ψβμισω παντα τα θπαρχοντα μου και παραδω το σωμα μου ινα καυχησωμαι αγαπην δε μη εχω ουδεν ωφελουμαι

* If I give away all my possessions, and if I deliver up my body that I might be burned but I do not have love, I have profited nothing.

Η αγαπη μαροθυμει χρηστευεται η αγαπη ου ζηλοι η αγαπη ου περπερευεται ου φυσιουται

* Love is has patience and kindness; love is not envious or boastful; it is not puffed up

ουκ ασχημονει ου ζητει τα εαυτης ου παροξυνεται ου λογιζεται το κακον

* It does not act unseemly. It does not seek the things of its own; it is not easily provoded or evil

ου χαιρει επι τη αδικια συνχαιρει δε τη αληθεια

 * It does not rejoice at unrighteousness, but rejoices with truth.

Παντα στεφει παντα πιστευει παντα ελπιζει παντα υπομενει

* Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.

Η αγαπη ουδεποτε πιπτει ειτε δε προφητειαι καταργηθησονται ειτε γλωσσαι παυσονται ειτε φνωσις καταργηθησεται

* Love never ends.  Prophecies will be done away.  Languages will cease; knowledge will pass away.

Εκ μρους γαρ γινωσκομεν και εκ μερους προφητευομεν

* We know in part and we prophesy in part,

οταν δε ελθη το τελειον το εκ μερους καταργηθησεται

* When that which is perfect might come, that which is part will pass away.

Οτε ημην ελελουν ως νηπιος εφρονουν ως νηπιος ελογιζομην ως νηπιος οτε γεγονα ανηρ κατηργηκε τα του νηπιου

* When I was a baby, I spoke like a baby, I thought like a baby, I reasoned like a baby. When I became a man, I did away with the things of a baby.

Previously, when “Paul” spoke of “child” he used the word “τεκνον” (Philippians 2:22). The word used here is “νηπιος."

βλεπομεν γαρ αρτι δι εσοπτρου εν αινιγματι τοτε δε προσωπον προς προσωπον αρτι γινωσκω εκ μερους τοτε δε επιγνωσομαι καθως και επεγνωσθην

* Presently, we see through a glass in obscurity, but then face to face. Presently I know in part; then I will know fully, even as I have been fully known.

Νυνι δε μενει πιστις ελπις αγαπη τα τρια ταθτα μειζων δε τουτων η αγαπη

Faith, hope, and love abide, these three things; but the greatest of these is love.

Διωκετε την αγαπην ζηλουτε δε τα πνεθματικα μαλλον δε ινα προφητευητε

* Pursue love, be desirous of spiritual gifts, especially in order that you might prophesy.

Ο γαρ λαλων γλωσση ουκ ανθρωποις λαλει αλλα ουδεις γαρ ακουει πνευματι δε λαλει μυστηρια

* One who speaks a language speaks not to men but to God; for no one hears him, in spirit,  he speaks mysteries. 

Ο δε προφητευων ανθρωποις λαλει οικοδομην και παραλκησιν και παραμυθιαν

* The one who prophesies speaks to men for their building up and encouragement and consolation.

Ο λαλων γλωσση εαυτον οικοδομει ο δε προφητευων εκκλησιαν οικοδομει

* The one who speaks in a language builds up himself, but the one who prophesies builds up the gathering.

Θελω δε παντας υμας λαλειν γλωσσαις μαλλον δε ινα προφητευητε μειζων δε ο προφητευων η ο λαλων γλφσσαις εκτος ει μη διερμνευη ινα η εκκλησια οικοδομην λαβη

* I desire all of you to speak in languages, but even more to prophesy. The one who prophesies is greater than the one who speaks in languages, unless he should interpret, in order that the church might receive building up.

Νυν δε αδελφοι εαν ελθω προς υμας γλωσσαις λαλων τι υμας ωφελησ εαν μη υμιν λαλησω η εν αποκαλυψει η εν γνωσει η εν προφητεια η εν διδχη

Now, brothers, if I come to you speaking in languages, what will I profit you if I should not speak to you either in revelation or knowledge or prophecy or teaching?

ωμως τα αψυψα φωνην διδοντα ειτε αυλος ειτε κιθαρα εαν διαστολην τοις φθογγοις μη δω πως φνωσθησεται το αυλουμενον η το κιθαριζονμενον

* Even lifeless things giving a sound, either flute or harp, if they do not give distinction to the sounds, how will it be known what is being piped or harped?

Και γαρ εαν αδηλον σαλπιγξ φωνην δω τις παρασκευασεται εις πολεμον

* If a bugle gives an uncertain sound, who will prepare himself for battle?

ουτως και υμεις δια της γλωσσης εαν μη ευσημον λογον δωτε πως γνωσθησεται το λαλουμενον εσεσθε γαρ εις αερα αλουντεσ

* So with you, if through language you do not give intelligible speech how will it be known know what is being spoken? You will be speaking into the air.

Confirmation the glossolalia does not mean speaking bizarre gibberish, but speaking foreign languages.

Τοσαυτα ει τυχοι γενη φωνων εισιν εν κοσμω και ουδεν αφωνον

* It may be that there are many different languages in the world, and none is without meaning,

εαν ουν μη ειδω την δυναμιν της φωνης εσομαι τω λαλουντι βαρβαρος και ο λαλων εν εμοι βαρβαρος

* But if I do not know the power of their sound, I will be a barbarian to the one who speaks and the one who speaks a barbarian to me.

Previously,“Paul” used the word “εθνοι” (nations) to describe “others.”  “Εθνοι,” in Judean terms, was anyone who was not Judean.  The Greco-Roman world had its own contrasts:  Greek and barbarian.  A barbarian was anyone who was not Greek, or who had not received the wisdom (culture, etc) from the Greeks.  This section on language, differentiating as it does by calling the “other” “barbarian” is a Greco-Roman “Paul.”

ουτως και υμεις επει ζηλωται εστε πνευματων προς την οικοδομην της εκκλησιας ζητειτε ινα περισσευητε

* So with you, since you are jealous of spiritly gifts, seek for the building up of the gathering in order that you might abound.

Διο ο λαλων γλωσση προσευχεσθε

* Therefore, the one speaking a language,  let him pray that he might interpret.

Εαν γαρ προσευχωμαι γλωσση το πνευμα μου προσευχεται ο δε νους μου αδκρπος εστιν

 * If I pray in a language, my spirit prays but my mind is unfruitful.

Τι ουν εστιν προσυξομαι τω πνευματι προσευξομαι δε και τω νοι ψαλω τω πνευματι ψαλω δε και τω νοι

* What is it? I will pray with the spirit, but I will pray with the mind also; I will sing praise with the spirit, but I will sing with the mind also.

Επει εαν ευλογης εν πνευματι ο αναπληρων τον τοπον του ιδιωτου πως αρει το αμην επο τη ση ευχαριττια επειδη τι λεγιες ουκ οιδεν

* Otherwise, if you bless with spirit, who will the one who fills the place of the uninstructed say “Amen” at your thanksgiving since he does not know what you are saying?

Συ μεν γαρ καλως συχαριστεις αλλ ο ετερος ουκ οικοδομειται

* You give thanks, but the other person is not built up.

Ευχαριστω το θεω παντων υμιν μαλλον γλωσσαις λαλω

 * I thank God that I speak more languages than all of you.

Αλλα εν εκκλησια θελω τεντε πογους τω νοι μου λαλησαι ινα και αλλους κατηχησω η μυριους λογους εν γλωσση

* But, in gathering I desire to speak five words with my mind in order that I might instruct others, than ten thousand words in a language.

“Paul” uses the word “κατηχησω” here.  This is not a word he used in 1 Thessalonians, when he spoke of teaching

Αδελφοι μη παιδια γινεσθε ταις φρεσιν αλλα τη κακια ωηπιαζετε ταις δε φρεσιν τελειοι γινεσθε

* Brothers, do not be children (not the word used in Thess) in your minds. Be babies in evil, but in your thinking be full-grown.

A new word:  παιδια.  Traditional exegesis says this is “theological development.  It looks more like a different writer.

Εν τω νομω γεγραπται οτι εν ετερογλοσσοις και εν χειλεσιν ετερων λαλησω τω λαω τουτω και ουδ ουτως εισακουσονται μου λεγει κυριος

* In the Law it has been written, “By other languages and by other lips I will speak to this people, and even then they will not hear me, says the Lord.”

“Paul” makes reference to Isa 28:11 but Isaiah is not “the Law,” and the quote is slightly wrong.  The writer of this is acquainted with the Judean canon, but not as well as it might seem.  The whole pericope, 28:11-3

For by people of strange lips
and with a foreign tongue
the Lord will speak to this people,
to whom he has said,
“This is rest;
give rest to the weary;
and this is repose”;
yet they would not hear.
And the word of the Lord will be to them
precept upon precept, precept upon precept,
line upon line, line upon line,
here a little, there a little,
that they may go, and fall backward,
and be broken, and snared, and taken.

Ωστε αι γλωσσαι εις σημειον εσιν ου τοις πιστευουσιν αλλα τοις απιστοις η δε προφητεια ου τοις απιστοις αλλα τοις πιστευουσιν

* Languages are a sign, not for believers but for unbelievers, while prophecy is a sign not for unbelievers but for believers.

Εαν ουν αυνελθη η εκκλησια ολη επι το αυτο και παντες λαλωσιν γλωσσαις εισελθωσιν δε ιδιωται η αποστοι ουκ ερουσιν οτι μαινεσθε

* If, therefore, the whole gathering comes together and all should speak in languages, and uninstructed ones or unbelievers enter, will they not say that you are mad?

Εαν δε παντες προφητευωσιν εισελθη δε τις απιστος η ιδιωτης ελεγχεται υπο παντων ανακρινεται υπο παντων

* But if all are prophesying, and an unbeliever or an uninstructed one enters, he is convicted by all, and he is examined by all,

τα κροπτα της καρδιας αυτου φανερα γινεται και ουτως πεσων επι προσωπον προσκυνησιε τω θεω απαγγελλων οντως ο θεος εν υμιν εστιν

* The secrets of his heart become manifest, and so, having fallen on his face, he will worship God declaring that God is really among you.

Τι ουν εστιν αδελφοι οταν συνερχησθε εκαστος ψαλμον εχει διδαχην εχει αποκαλυψιν εχει γλωσσαν εχει ερμηνειαν εχει παντα προς οικοδομην γινεσθω

* What is it then, brothers? When you might come together, each one has a psalm, a teaching, a revelation, a language, or an interpretation. Let all things be done for building up.

Ειτε γλωσση τις λαλει κατα δου η το πλειστον τρεις και ανα μερος και εις διερμηνευετω

* If anyone speaks in a language, let there be only two or three at most, and each in turn, and let someone interpret.

Εαν δε μη η διερμηνευτης σιγατω εν εκκλησια εαυτω δε λελειτω και τω θεω

* But if there is no interpreter, let him be silent in the gatherng and let him speak to himself and to God.

Προφηται δε δυο η τρεις λαλειτωσαν και οι αλλοι διακρινετωσαν

* Let two or three prophets speak, and let the others discern what is said. 

Εαν δε αλλω απολαλυφθη λαθημενω ο πρωτος σιγατω

 

* If a revelation is made to another sitting by, let the first be silent.

Δυνασθε γαρ καθ ενα παντες προφητευειν ινα παντες μανθανωσιν και παντες παρακαλωνται

 For you can all prophesy one by one, in order that all might learn and all be urged, 

και πνευματα προφητων προφηταις υποτασσεται

* And the spirits of prophets are subject to prophets.

Ου γαρ εστιν ακαταστασιας ο θεος αλλα ειρηνης ως εν πασαις ταις εκκλησιαις των αγιων

* For God is not a God of disorder but of peace. As in all the gatherings of the holy ones,

αι γυναικες εν ταις εκκλησιαις σιγατωσαν ου γαρ επιτρεπρται αυταις λαλειν αλλα υποτασσεσθωσαν καθως και ο νομος λεγει

* Let the women be silent in the gatherings. For it is not allowed to them to speak, but to be in submission, as the Law also says, 

Previously, Paul made indirect reference to elements of the Judean canon. Even with his indirection, his reference was exact.  In this case, “Paul” announces that he is citing the Law, and the reference is not exact.  The closest “the Law” comes to saying women should be submissive is Gen 3:16:  “I will make your pains in childbearing very severe; with painful labor you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.”  Again, this has the appearance of a writer who is acquainted with the Judean canon, but not quite as well acquainted as he thinks.

ει δε τι μαθειν θελουσιν εν οικω τους ιδιους ανδρας επερωτατωσαν αισχρον γαρ εστιν γυναικι λαλειν εν εκκλησια

* If there is anything they wish to learn, let them ask their men at home. For it is shameful for a woman to speak in gathering.

Η αφ υμων ο λογος του θεου εξηλθεν η εις υμας μονους κατηντησεν

* Was it from you that the word of God came? Or did it arrive onto to you?

This is an odd question, and comes out of nowhere.

Ει τις δοκει προφητης ειναι η πνευματικος επιγινωσκετω α γραφω υμιν οτι κυριου εστινγ εντολη

* If anyone thinks to be a prophet, or spiritly, let him recognize that the things I write to you are a command of the Lord.

Ει δε τις αγνοει αγνοειται

* If anyone is ignorant, let him be ignorant.

Ωστε αδελφοι μου ζηλουτε το προφητευειν και το λαλειν μη κωλυετε γλωσσαις

* So, my brothers, be jealous to prophesy, and do not forbid speaking in languages.

Παντα δε ευσχημονως και κατα ταξιν γινεσθω

 * But let all things be done properly and with order.